By: Dr. Khosi Jiyane, clinical psychologist

Scammers are and have always been master manipulators, adapting their tactics with the times to exploit the next vulnerable victim. With the world increasingly relying on technology for everyday tasks, cybercrime has emerged as a formidable force, taking advantage of the digitally vulnerable, and while online scams today might look different to scams of the past, there is unchanging truth beneath it all: scammers continue to rely on the universal traits of human psychology to achieve their goals.

Why we think we’re immune

‘That can’t happen to me’ is a common misconception and a mindset rooted in optimism bias — the psychological tendency to assume we are less likely than others to experience negative events. This bias blinds us to potential risks, making it easier for scammers to exploit even the most tech-savvy individuals. According to clinical psychologist Dr. Khosi Jiyane, optimism bias often leads people to overlook obvious warning signs.

“Optimism bias creates a false sense of security,” explains Jiyane. “It is why people may dismiss suspicious emails or offers, thinking they’re too savvy to fall for scams, only to later realise they’ve been duped.”

The timeless psychology of scamming

While scams have become more sophisticated with tools like deepfakes and AI-enhanced phishing in increasing usage, the psychological tactics behind them remain the same.

Truth bias, for instance, is our natural inclination to trust others unless given a reason not to. Preying on this, scammers pose as trusted figures, like bank representatives or loved ones, to gain credibility. Studies also show that when someone feels mentally overwhelmed or distracted, their ability to detect deception is diminished.

The pressure to act quickly, coupled with mental exhaustion, also reduces our ability to think critically. Messages like “Act now to secure your funds” target these vulnerabilities, especially during busy times like Black Friday or month-end sales.

Keeping scammers at bay

To counter these psychological vulnerabilities, Dr. Jiyane suggests adopting habits that build healthy scepticism and mindfulness. These include taking a moment to verify information before clicking links or providing personal details. Scammers thrive on impulsive decisions.

“We are inherently social, emotional, and relational beings who thrive through our connections with others. Unfortunately, scammers exploit this trust, preying on our willingness to believe in the good intentions of others,” says Jiyane.

Furthermore, challenge your optimism bias by reminding yourself that no one is immune to scams. Having greater self-awareness of your own biases can help you approach potentially dangerous situations more cautiously. Remember that even familiar sources, like a friend’s social media account or a well-known company’s email, could be compromised. Always double-check before clicking on links or responding to suspicious messages.

Staying updated on common scam tactics, especially those that exploit technology, is also key. Watch Season 1 and 2 of the Circle of Safety series on YouTube to learn more about how to safeguard yourself and your loved ones in today’s digital age.